托福閱讀中的長(zhǎng)難句是許多考生的“攔路虎”,這些句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、信息量大,常常讓考生感到困惑。然而,通過(guò)掌握一些有效的技巧和策略,可以顯著提升對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的理解速度。以下是一些實(shí)用的方法:
一、識(shí)別句子主干
理解長(zhǎng)難句的第1步是找到句子的主干,即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。主干是句子的核心,其他成分都是對(duì)主干的修飾和補(bǔ)充。例如:
例句:The increasing use of mobile phones, coupled with the widespread availability of the Internet, has led to a significant rise in the number of people who are addicted to social media.
分析:主干是“The increasing use of mobile phones has led to a significant rise”,其他部分是對(duì)主干的修飾和補(bǔ)充。通過(guò)識(shí)別主干,可以快速理解句子的基本意思。
二、梳理句子成分
在找到主干后,需要梳理句子中的其他成分,如定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句等。這些成分雖然不是句子的核心,但對(duì)于理解句子的完整意思非常重要。例如:
例句:Although many people believe that the development of technology has brought convenience to our lives, some experts argue that excessive reliance on technology may lead to a decline in human communication skills.
分析:句子包含讓步狀語(yǔ)從句“Although many people believe that the development of technology has brought convenience to our lives”,主句是“some experts argue that excessive reliance on technology may lead to a decline in human communication skills”。通過(guò)梳理這些成分,可以更全面地理解句子的意思。
三、關(guān)注連接詞和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
連接詞和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在長(zhǎng)難句中起著重要的邏輯橋梁作用。掌握各種連接詞,如因果關(guān)系(because, since, therefore)、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(however, but, yet)、并列關(guān)系(and, or, as well as)等,可以幫助你理解句子之間的關(guān)系。例如:
例句:Not only has the popularity of online shopping increased significantly in recent years, but also the variety of products available has expanded tremendously.
分析:句子使用了“not only…but also…”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“不僅……而且……”的意思。通過(guò)注意這個(gè)連詞,可以理解作者想要強(qiáng)調(diào)在線購(gòu)物的普及程度和產(chǎn)品種類的增加是同時(shí)發(fā)生的。
四、練習(xí)分解句子
將長(zhǎng)難句分解為小的部分,先理解主干結(jié)構(gòu),再逐步理解附加信息。這種方法可以幫助你在面對(duì)復(fù)雜句子時(shí),不至于感到無(wú)從下手。例如:
例句:With researcher J. E. Mosimann, he has co-authored a work in which a computer model showed that in around 300 years, given the right conditions, a small influx of hunters into eastern Beringia 12,000 years ago could have spread across North America in a wave and wiped out game animals to feed their burgeoning population.
分析:主干是“he has co-authored a work in which a computer model showed that a small influx of hunters could have spread across North America and wiped out game animals”。其他部分是對(duì)主干的修飾和補(bǔ)充,如“in around 300 years, given the right conditions”是狀語(yǔ),可以先略過(guò)。
五、擴(kuò)大詞匯量
詞匯是理解長(zhǎng)難句的基礎(chǔ)。托福閱讀中常出現(xiàn)大量學(xué)術(shù)詞匯和專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ),掌握這些詞匯可以減少因生詞而造成的理解障礙??梢酝ㄟ^(guò)背單詞書、使用詞匯軟件或在閱讀中積累生詞來(lái)擴(kuò)大詞匯量。
六、多讀多練
定期閱讀英文學(xué)術(shù)材料,如科學(xué)文章、歷史文獻(xiàn)等,可以幫助你習(xí)慣復(fù)雜的句式,提高對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的敏感度和理解速度。建議選擇與托福閱讀難度相當(dāng)?shù)奈恼逻M(jìn)行練習(xí),如《科學(xué)美國(guó)人》《國(guó)家地理》等雜志的文章。
七、結(jié)合上下文理解
有時(shí)候,一個(gè)句子中的某個(gè)詞匯或短語(yǔ)可能具有特定的含義,需要結(jié)合上下文來(lái)準(zhǔn)確理解。例如:
例句:In the realm of environmental protection, the concept of sustainability has gained increasing attention in recent years, with a focus on reducing carbon emissions and promoting renewable energy sources.
分析:結(jié)合上下文,可以理解“sustainability”在這里指的是“可持續(xù)性”,重點(diǎn)關(guān)注減少碳排放和推廣可再生能源。
八、限時(shí)練習(xí)和總結(jié)
在模擬測(cè)試中,為自己限定時(shí)間來(lái)閱讀文章和回答問(wèn)題,以模擬真實(shí)考試的環(huán)境。限時(shí)練習(xí)能夠提高你在壓力下解析長(zhǎng)難句的能力。同時(shí),練習(xí)后要仔細(xì)分析錯(cuò)題,了解哪些類型的長(zhǎng)難句給你造成了困難,針對(duì)性地復(fù)習(xí)和加強(qiáng)這些薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。
通過(guò)以上方法的練習(xí)和應(yīng)用,你可以逐步提高對(duì)托福閱讀中長(zhǎng)難句的理解速度,從而在考試中更加從容應(yīng)對(duì)。希望這些技巧能幫助你在托福閱讀中取得優(yōu)異的成績(jī)!
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Copyright ?2023上海瀾大教育信息咨詢有限公司. All Rights Reserved 滬ICP備10035962號(hào)-1 滬公網(wǎng)安備31010102007782